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The University of Edinburgh Medical School also known as Edinburgh Medical School or Edinburgh University Medical School is part of the College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine of the University of Edinburgh in Scotland. It was established in 1726, during the Scottish Enlightenment, and soon attracted students from across Britain and the American colonies. It is one of the oldest medical schools in the English-speaking world and today is widely regarded as one of the best medical schools in the UK. In 2013 and 2014, it ranked 1st in Scotland and 3rd in the UK by the Guardian University Guide, The Times Good University Guide. and the Complete University Guide. It ranked 1st in the UK in research according to the most recent RAE in 2008, 21st in the world by the Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2013–14 and 22nd in the world by the QS World University Rankings 2014.〔(【引用サイトリンク】website=QS World Rankings by Faculty Life Science/Medicine )〕 According to a Healthcare Survey run by Saga in 2006, the medical school's main teaching hospital, the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, was considered the best hospital in Scotland. As of 2013 the school accepts 190 European Union medical students per year and an additional 17 students from outwith the EU.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=University of Edinburgh Medicine )〕 Admission is very competitive, with an acceptance rate of 11.5% for the 2012–13 admissions year.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=https://www.whatdotheyknow.com/request/143119/response/346152/attach/2/FoI%20Response%20Grafton.pdf )〕 The matriculation rate, the percentage of people who are accepted who choose to attend, is 71% for the 2012–13 admissions year.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=2012–2013 Undergraduate Admissions Statistics )〕 The school requires the 3rd highest entry grades in the UK according to the Guardian University Guide 2014.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.theguardian.com/education/table/2013/jun/04/university-guide-medicine1 )〕 The medical school is associated with 3 Nobel Prize winners; 2 winners of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine and 1 winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. The medical school is also associated with 5 Victoria Cross recipients, 3 US Senators, 1 Founding Father of the United States, 1 Prime Minister of Canada and 1 President of Malawi. Other famous alumni include Charles Darwin, Thomas Hodgkin, James Young Simpson, Arthur Conan Doyle, Joseph Black, Daniel Rutherford and John Collins Warren. Graduates of the medical school have founded medical schools and universities all over the world including 5 out of the 7 Ivy League medical schools (Pennsylvania, Yale, Columbia, Harvard and Dartmouth), University of Sydney, Sydney Medical School, University of Melbourne Medical School, McGill University Faculty of Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Université de Montréal Faculty of Medicine, the Royal Postgraduate Medical School (now part of Imperial College School of Medicine), the University of Cape Town Medical School, Birkbeck, University of London, the Middlesex Hospital Medical School and the London School of Medicine for Women (both now part of UCL Medical School). ==History== Although the University of Edinburgh's Faculty of Medicine was not formally organised until 1726, medicine had been taught at Edinburgh since the beginning of the sixteenth century. Its chief sponsor was Archibald Campbell (1682–1761), duke of Argyll, Scotland's most influential political leader.〔Roger L. Emerson, "The Founding of the Edinburgh Medical School," ''Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences'' (2004) 59#2 pp 183–218 (in Project MUSE )〕 Its formation was dependent on the incorporation of the Surgeons and Barber Surgeons, in 1505 and the foundation of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh in 1681. The University was modelled on the University of Bologna, but medical teaching was based on that of the sixteenth century University of Padua, and later on the University of Leiden (where most of the founders of the faculty had studied) in an attempt to attract foreign students, and maintain potential Scottish students in Scotland. Since the Renaissance the primary facet of medical teaching here was anatomy and therefore in 1720, Alexander Monro was appointed Professor of Anatomy. Later his son and grandson (both of the same name) would hold the position, a reign of Professor Alexander Monros lasting 128 years. In subsequent years four further chairs completed the faculty allowing it to grant the qualification of Doctor of Medicine (MD) without the assistance of the Royal College of Physicians. Success in the teaching of medicine and surgery through the eighteenth century was achieved thanks to the first teaching hospital, town physicians and the town guild of Barber Surgeons (later to become the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh). By 1764 the number of medical students was so great that a new 200-seat Anatomy Theatre was built in the College Garden. Throughout the 18th century until the First World War the Edinburgh Medical School was widely considered the best medical school in the English speaking world.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.rcpe.ac.uk/journal/issue/journal_34_2/Ed_Uni.pdf )〕 Students were attracted to the Edinburgh Medical School from Ireland, America and the Colonies by a succession of brilliant teachers, such as William Cullen, James Gregory and Joseph Black, the Medical Society and a flourishing Extra-Mural School. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「University of Edinburgh Medical School」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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